1) The History of Chinese Cuisine
Though it possesses an
engaging history that spans over 5000 years, Chinese culinary history
only began to be documented during the 5th Century B.C. and evolved
across several dynastic periods including the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan,
Ming and Qing dynasties. Imperial oversight played an important role in
the development of culinary trends. A cook's work was set to strict
culinary rules determined by the emperor and senior officials. China's
varied regional, climatic and cultural influences saw the development of
vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes with exclusions that followed the
availability or religious significance of certain ingredients. Over the
last 2000 years, Chinese cooking saw the development of strong culinary
differences across the banks of the Yangtze River. European travellers
brought with them dairy products, a class of products rarely found in
historical culinary records. The blurring of cultural and geographic
lines led to the development of regional cuisines and the 'Four Schools'
and 'Eight Schools' of this cuisine as well as several dietary trends.
Today, we know these as 'cleansing' or 'balanced' diets. Ancient Chinese
cookbooks list nearly 200 distinct vegetables and over 100 types of
meat that featured on imperial and common menus throughout the country.
Through all these cultural, religious and imperial upheavals, the core
philosophy of this cuisine has been moderation, balance and harmony.
2) Chinese Food in the Western World
Chinese
food has always enjoyed immense popularity in the West. Today, there
are nearly 50,000 Chinese restaurants in the United States, a tribute to
the popularity of a culinary style that feeds over a billion people
every day. Some of the most popular Chinese dishes that find their place
on tables around the world include:
Chow Mein: This delicious
marriage of hand-drawn noodles, meat and select vegetables such as Bok
Choy and bamboo shoot. Chow Mein, served crispy or soft is popular
comfort food in the West and may be served with a hot sauce or with a
choice of milder, aromatic sauces.
Duck: Roast duck is easily the
most popular gourmet delicacy served up in Chinese restaurants. The
modern Peking duck is a challenging interpretation of an imperial recipe
that serves up a beautifully glazed roast duck with aromatic herb
sauces and tender meat. Some gastronomes have gone as far as to name it
'China's National Dish'
Xiaolongbao: These soup dumplings form
excellent finger food and accompany other dishes. These steamed buns are
served with soups and several gravies including a garlic vinegar sauce
or a Schezwan dip. A culinary cousin, the sweet Lai Wong Bao is the
perfect end to a Chinese meal.